Once and for all: what is/are the main Japanese word(s) for “bump”?

I have created this worksheet so that we can settle, once and for all, what the appropriate and commonly used Japanese words are to express the concept of a "bump" (i.e. protrusion).

When I say "look at that bump" in English, people do not look confused, they do not scratch their heads, they do not appear dumbfounded, they do not say "b-b-bump? what's that?". No, they instantly and immediately know what I'm talking about. That is what it means to be a basic common word that everyone knows, including little children.

I'm looking for the equivalent in Japanese: a basic common word that means "bump" that elicits zero head-scratching. 😅 If there's more than one common word, let me know!

Please offer your wisdom on items 1–8.

^{(If this goes well, I'm gonna do the same thing soon for "dent/indentation".}